INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBALIZATION (MARKET EVALUATION AND Research Paper

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBALIZATION (MARKET EVALUATION AND STRATEGIC PLANNING PROJECT) - Research Paper Example By providing an overview of the geographical markets, overall sales/market share, expectation for future sales growth, profitability potential, and seeking to analyze and understand the firm’s geographic growth strategy, the reader/researcher is able to determine a great deal with regards to what may take place within the future without ever having to suffer the risk and danger of blindly testing a highly costly product line in a market or with a given demographic of the consumer base that would ultimately reject it. Background Begun in 1959, Dubai Refreshments originally was located on Maktoum Street in central Dubai. In such a way, it comes as no surprise that the full power of the most potent geographic market for the firm’s offerings exists within the continents of Africa and Asia. Although the firm has experienced a great deal of growth domestically, it has yet to fully leverage a degree of potential international growth. In such a fashion, for the nation of the Un ited Arab Emirates, Dubai Refreshments exhibits nearly a 70% market share with regards to energy drinks. Similarly, due to the fact that population of Dubai and the surrounding region has grown exponentially within the past several decades, the firm is able to integrate its products with a broader and broader market segment than it would have before thought possible. As a direct result of this, profitability has increased alongside this population growth. Although Dubai Refreshments is considered a bonafide distributor of PepsiCo drinks, the firm in and of itself exhibits complete autonomy and is not a subsidiary of the global beverage giant. Such a level of autonomy means that Dubai Refreshments is able to integrate within the global market and seek to leverage a degree of success for itself without being under the constraints of any contractual obligations or limitations placed upon it by a third party or ultimate conglomerate of ownership. Market Analysis/Evaluation Although it i s ultimately the intention of Dubai Refreshments to engage in a broad marketing plan that will see each and every one of its sectors grow in overall sales, the purpose of this specific strategy is with regards to seeking to leverage a degree of growth within the market of Vietnam; seeking to promote the drink company in an emerging market as a means of breaking out from the formerly â€Å"domestic only† lable that the firm has crafted for itself. As will be discussed below in the analysis, the reasons for choosing Vietnam are multiple; however, the nation itself has not been chosen merely on one or two determinants. Rather, it has been chosen due to the fact that it is the belief of these authors that this particular nation represents the greatest overall possibility with regards to future growth and international development of the brand. Social Issues Although long overlooked as something of a backwater communist relic, the nation of Vietnam has experienced a rapid amount o f economic growth within the past several years. Due to the rapid level of economic growth, the human development Index and the gross domestic product of the nation of Vietnam has risen precipitously alongside this form of development. A further reason why the nation of Vietnam is been chosen with regards to the international expansion of Dubai

Returning to School Essay Example for Free

Returning to School Essay Pregnant at seventeen and no foundation of stability, I dropped out of school to prepare to raise my child. I then began to struggle and had a hard time making ends meet, so at that time I got on track to seek help and guidance. I started the process to get enrolled in school but backed out due to finding out at nineteen I was expecting my second child. I finally went back to school and got my GED and graduated my program in summer of 2010. I walked across the stage to receive my diploma carrying my son Joziah Jah’Von (5 months) and holding my daughter Ajiona Amory’s hand (2 years). I was very proud and felt extremely accomplished. The importance returning to school will have on my life is that I will be able to provide a stable life for my children, become successful and self-fulfilled through a career in business, and rise above the negative expectations some people have of me. Being a young mother of two children, I had a rough time finding childcare and being comfortable with strangers caring for my babies. I tried to find work but wasn’t able to find flexible hours. I was at a hard spot in my life. I didn’t know what step to make. I enrolled in cosmetology school and did the best at my classwork and tests but my attendance was poor due to unreliable sitters. I ended up withdrawing from the program to be a mother to my children. Two years later I am now a mother to three intelligent, beautiful, amazing children. I want nothing but the best for them so I’ve decided to make the best move to better our futures and got back on the wagon and got my head back in the books. Returning to school is the best decision I could’ve made for my family. We now have a chance at success and stability. Not having much stability present in my childhood is why I want more for my children. Growing up in a broken home, constantly moving, my mother struggling to make ends meet, and not having happy memories; was miserable. As a child, I always promised myself I’d do whatever it took to make sure my children never had to experience what I did. But I feel I failed my babies, because it has taken me so long to get on track and we have been in a struggle. I am upset that I allowed them to experience not having stability in their lives. But things will now be different. Ajiona Amory, Joziah Jah’Von and Marcella Pamela are my life, my reason for living, my everything and I will give them the best of the best. I am dedicated and devoted to my family; I’ll do whatever it takes to make sure they have the greatest lives I can possibly give them. I want my daughters and my son to be happy and have what they need. I never want to see them wanting or needing anything. My children and I have struggled enough throughout the years, it’s our time to rise above and live the lives we deserve. School will help me to do so and I want stop until they have it all. Education is one of the keys that will open many doors for us. By furthering my education it will help me to get a good job so that I won’t struggle to make ends meet and it will help to keep stability in our lives. With the struggles and lack stability I now am ready to be successful and do what needs to be done for my family. I, Angelique, have always wanted and dreamt of being the successful business type. I’ve always wanted to wear the fancy suits and the sexy heels, while carrying a leather brief case. It’s something I just never stopped wanting, no matter what other careers came my way. Desiring to be successful and have power, respect and money; I knew a good career was the only way. There is no room for trial and error. I got 100 percent devotion and motivation to fulfill my dream get the job I’ve always wanted and I deserve to have. Nothing will stand in my way; I’m on the rise to the top. Majoring in business and management is the start to our new life, new beginnings, new ways and new accomplishments. Finally with striving to have a good professional career and stability, I am ready to prove everyone wrong. I have always had family, friends, and others downing and doubting me, telling me I’ll never amount to nothing nor be a somebody. Not having the support and extra push from the ones that you think love and care for you really take a toll on you in every aspect of life and emotion. But dwelling will hold you back. Yes I have failed myself by not following through with things I have started but I had my reasoning-‘s. I taught myself to take the positive and negative criticism and shift what you can use out and just toss the unnecessary shit aside and keep moving forward. If you sit and ponder on why no wants to see you succeed and why they strive to see you fail, it will eat you alive and stop you from doing what it is that you want to do. It will disable you to be motivated and crush your dreams and dedication. Never let someone reserve space in your mind to the point it stops your life. If they hate they hate. Stand up, smile and strive for the top and don’t stop until you’ve reached it. Prove that you can be who you want to be and that they can’t stop your shine. I as a single mother will keep moving forward and never again let a negative empower me and my life. Indeed, while I have made mistakes, and they pierced my will power to stay motivated these failures also made me work harder to succeed. Being a young mother is very hard and has its ups and downs. But just because I now have major responsibilities on my hands doesn’t mean I won’t be able to travel smooth roads throughout life. I will cross the bumps and dips in life but its normal; everyone goes through it here and there. It now has showed me that it’s okay to fall off the horse a few times but it is most important for me to get up and keep trying until I get it right and succeed. Returning to school was the best choice I could make for not only myself but for my children. Wanting nothing but the best for my family I decided to make the best move to better our futures and got up, got back on the wagon and got my head back in the books. Now having a chance at success and stability, we are happy and anxiously waiting to rise above the negative and evil.

An Annotation of Emily Dickinsons I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died Essay

An Annotation of Emily Dickinson's I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died Emily Dickinson's poem "I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died" is centralized on the events of death and is spoken through the voice of the dying person. The poem explores both the meaning of life and death through the speaker and the significant incidents at the time of near death that the speaker notices. Many of Dickinson's poems contain a theme of death that searches to find meaning and the ability to cope with the inevitable. This poem is no exception to this traditional Dickinson theme; however its unusual comparisons and language about death set it apart from how one would view a typically tragic event. I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died by Emily Dickinson I heard a fly buzz - when I died - The Stillness in the Room Was like the Stillness in the Air - Between the Heaves of Storm - The Eyes around - had wrung them dry - And Breaths were gathering firm For that last Onset - when the King Be witnessed - in the Room - I willed my Keepsakes - Signed away What portion of me be Assignable - and then it was There interposed a Fly - With Blue - uncertain stumbling Buzz - Between the light - and me - And then the Windows failed - and then I could not see to see - In this first stanza, the scene of a deathbed is set. No specifics are given about the room, the dying speaker, or the people that wait in the room for an outcome. The fly is introduced and its significance is not explained as of yet. One detail that is heavily stressed is "stillness in the room." The word stillness is repeated and compared with the calm in a storm. This suggests two things: the motionlessness of death and the anticipation of something yet to come. The calm within t... ...y examined for the beauty and grace of God. In this poem, however, the fly is a messenger to the speaker. The fly's presence both comforts and informs the speaker about death and the appreciation of life. By choosing this creature, Dickinson portrays the beauty in every living thing: even the pesky fly has a purpose and a place on earth and in life. The poem also explains what the dying is experiencing, but it strays away from describing pain and fear and concentrates on how the speaker pays close attention to those that will continue to live. The speaker hopes to leaving something significant behind other than just material goods. She also notices that in the surreal moments before death, the stillness in the room encompasses everyone and everything, including even the air that fills the room. These elements work together to expose the beauty and serenity of death.

Early Religion Essay

Religion is something unique to a man. It makes us different from any other animals. Nowadays, religion has a great impact on man’s life. It one of the major factors why man still manage to survive in this cruel and unfair life. It helps man to keep holding on especially in times of down. It is something man can lean on. But those religions we are affiliated today are not the exact same religion in the early times. Even the simplest religion has a very complex history indeed. Religions have developed over thousands of years ago due to its adaptation to environmental changes such as social and ecological (Hopfe and Woodcraft, p. 15) Although archaeologists and anthropologists have found remains and of ancient people and society, still, evidences for early religions were hard to interpret. Writings were very few because they don’t actually write in their times. They preferred vocal communication. Sad to say but these gave us limited knowledge of early religions. However, their arts and symbols somehow gave little information about their religion. There was also transmission of myths from one generation to another. Stories about gods’ relationship with man are common to every religion. These stories are myths telling the truth about the religion. It helps man visualize abstract concepts (Hopfe and Woodcraft, p. 25). Like every other religion today, early religion also has initiation. After proper training, a man or woman will be initiated which serve as the end of their social cohesion and individual fulfillment (Ellwood and McGraw, p. 31. ). Shamans have a big role in spirituality of early religion. They are believed to have special powers like healing and confronting gods. Ceremonies and rituals that went with hunting and gathering were also present (Ellwood and McGraw, p. 49). Early religion, even somehow have a lot of difference with today’s religion, have shaped the lives of early people. Just like today, religion is a part of their everyday lives. Whatever the differences they may have, religion still have one good reason for existence—guidance to mankind. References: Ellwood, Robert S. and McGraw, Barbara A. Many Peoples, Many Faiths: Women and Men in the World Religions, Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2002 Hopfe, Lewis M. and Woodcraft, Mark R. Religions of the World, Eighth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards: Lesson Plan Websites Essay

The standard to the second grade number sense lesson plan website on fractions was supported in many ways. The learning objective geared the teacher and student to know what was expected of the students. The standard was also matched up by the assessment of the lesson. The value of student discussions to help form meaning through operations in mathematics is present in the standards in this website. Methodology of Number Sense The methodology of number sense is used to expand the knowledge of numbers in diverse ways. By showing how fractions relate to the real world in measurements build on extensible and natural concepts of numbers that are wished for. In this fraction lesson plan the teacher in her presentation showed students shapes that were divided into four parts. This helped show concrete examples of part-whole comparisons in a lesson built around good number sense. Also, in the teacher’s presentation she used tiles and asked the students to pretend that they were cookies that she wanted to share with her neighbors and her family. The teacher asked the students how many groups they will need to share these cookies. Fractions are a result of the relationship of numbers being broadened and explored. Mathematical Operations The mathematical operation that was used in the activities of this lesson plan was division. In using division of equal parts in this lesson plan students can learn effectively to use this operation in the world of sharing their pieces of cookies with neighbors and family. By using division it helps connect interpretation of dividing cookies into four equal parts by using fractions. Students will build on their understanding of the division  operation and develop their extra ideas about thinking about basic fact connections. By performing fraction problems, students use the multiplicative process in which numerators and denominators are divided. By dividing into fair shares as this lesson plan instructed students to do show that fractions are also examples of ratios. Grade Level This lesson plan uses fractions and are directed for second graders. The objectives listed in this lesson plan are directed to the second grade level. Also, the activities and assessment are geared to the second grade level. Division operations as stated in the standards may vary many as three grade levels. (Van de Walle, et al. 2010). Differentiated Instruction Differentiated instruction is evident by using cooperative group practice. Cooperative group work helps English Language Learners by learning from their other peers in their group. By preparing these groups with diverse students will be beneficial to English Language learners. Students are also provided differentiated instruction in the presentation part of the lesson plan. Students with learning disability were provided a visual idea by dividing a cookie into four parts to show how fractions are divided. These students will also have differentiated instruction by being placed in cooperative learning groups as well. (http://www.discoveryeducation.com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/problem-solving-math-episode-1.cfm#vo). Understanding Mathematics A good math lesson plan uses a framework for the content of the operations and structure for each math instruction and practice. Teachers use lesson plans as guides to teach, review and practice math concepts. The fraction lesson plan uses concepts that can be used in real life situations. Students though their practice allows for teachers to use formative assessment of their tasks. Activities Classroom activities improve student’s achievement by modeling the act of performing mathematics in the real world. Fractions imitate dividing parts to share amongst people. Activities performing these strategies mimic how real world situations can be accomplished. Manipulative Tiles and cards were used as manipulative in this fraction lesson plan. Tiles were used to divide parts to make fractions. Tiles were representing cookie pieces to divide between four family members. Lesson Plan 2 Standards In the Lesson Plan library of problem-solving math support the standard through the objectives and procedures. The lesson plans in the Lesson Plan library uses objectives that match the standards specifically in the way that the students will learn why numbers are an important part of everyday life. It also tells that students will use examples. The procedures also state how numbers are used in everyday lives. Students also will show examples around the classroom of basic numbers. The evaluation also supports the standard through the objectives and goals that are to be met. Methodology of Number Sense The methodology of number sense is used to expand the knowledge of numbers in different forms. By showing how numbers can be used in many ways it relates to the real world by time, measurements, and representing a group. Students expand their previous knowledge of basic numbers, Mathematical Operations The operation of understanding the representation of numbers is what the lesson was about. Students are to reflect on numbers and their meaning behind them. The operation of numbers expands as the student’s perception develops. Also the addition operation matches counting words with items such as group of objects. Grade Level The grade level for the Lesson Plan Library is for Kindergarten through fifth grade. The standards and the objectives used in the Lesson Plan Library are for Kindergarten through fifth grade. The evaluations used in this particular lesson website are also for the same grade level of kindergarten through five. Differentiated Instruction Students that are gifted can write a sentence or two to their drawing of the  diagram. Students can explain in their sentence or two an explanation of the diagram. Students that are gifted need to be challenged and this is a great way to do it. Understanding of Mathematics The Lesson Library shows uses of numbers. The lesson plans are important to have as a guide to follow to instruct students on knowledge they need to learn and to be assessed on in a daily plan. It also shows how numbers are important and why. It is important to understand the meaning of numbers to relate it to the everyday world. Building on the meaning of numbers helps progress to the new level of knowledge. Activities within Lesson Plan Classroom activities improve student’s achievement by showing the importance of numbers in everyday lives. Students demonstrate how numbers are important to life. Modeling important facts with regards to numbers builds on the concepts of numbers. Manipulative Used Manipulative were not used but visuals were. Manipulative would be integrated by allowing the students to use clocks as an example of how numbers are used in time. Also, using cards with numbers on them would be another use for manipulative. Lesson Plan Three Standards The lesson plans on this website supports the standards by using numbers and operations in the learning objectives and the procedures. The assessment also supports the learning objectives and standards by assessing the student’s learned material of the lesson plan. The standard is aligned with the end goal of the objective. Methodology of Number Sense This lesson plan uses methodology of number sense by relating word problems to real life situations. Students through these lesson plans use addition, subtraction, multiplication and simple fractions to build on prior to their word problems involving money. Students use their previous knowledge of addition and subtraction concepts to build on their money world problems. Mathematical Operations The addition, subtraction and multiplication operations are used in these lesson plans. Students relate these operations to real life situations using money concepts. Students start with previous knowledge of addition and subtraction to build on to use multiplication operation. Grade Levels The Discovery Education lesson plan website base their lesson plan off of kindergarten through 5th grade. The lesson plan aligns with the age group through the procedures and assessments. Students’ grade level aligns with the standards as well. Differentiated Instruction The Discovery Education lesson plan uses cooperative groups for differentiated instructions. Students with diverse needs benefit from group learning. Teachers would benefit from picking out these groups ahead of the task assigned. Understanding Mathematics These lesson plans are important for students understanding of mathematics because they are a teacher’s guide to instruct students. These lessons have particular concepts and operations that need to relate to everyday life. Lesson plans are a framework that helps guide the specific instruction. (Van de Walle, et al. 2010). Student Achievement Students can benefit from the activities in their lesson plan by learning how time and money relate to their daily lives. Students will be using activities that relate to the time it takes to go to the store. The activities also improve student achievement by teaching how money relates to everyday life. Manipulative The manipulative used in the lesson plan was a clock. Play money was also used as a manipulative in the lesson plan. Students use manipulatives as concrete examples to relate to real life concepts. Lesson Four Standards The lesson plan from the Discovery Lesson supports the standard by using the objectives to help meet the end goal of the lesson plan. The lesson plan also provides the assessment to align with the standards. The tasks are also aligned to support the standard and follow through until the end. Methodology of Number Sense The methodology of number sense is used in this Discovery lesson on measurements by relating to the measurements of items in real life. Students build on their previous knowledge to construct the new knowledge. Using real life measurements brings to life the real concepts used in everyday life. Mathematical Operations The mathematical operations used in the activities in the lesson plan are addition of measurements. These measurement activities are used in everyday life. The activities consist of measuring books and things in the classroom. Grade Levels The grade level for this lesson website is sixth through eighth grade. Measurements for this grade level align with the standards. The grade level for measurements also meet with the assessments. Differentiated Instruction The gifted/talented students had differentiated instruction evident in this lesson plan. They had more challenging measurements to take of items. They also had an added part to formulate questions relating to the length, width and depth measurements. Student Understanding These lesson plans are important in understanding mathematics because the concepts are needed for everyday life. Students need to make themselves aware that measurements are needed in recipes, weight and height of objects. This concept is relative to many parts of life. Student Achievement The activities on measurements can improve student achievement by understanding why items need to be measured. This concept will be learned by students and students will achieve greatly if they relate these measurements to real life situations. In the long run students will benefit by knowing how and when to use measurements in their everyday lives. Manipulative Measuring sticks were used for a manipulative in measuring items. Items such as books and boxes were also used in measuring. These items are helpful in learning about real life situations. . References Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally, Seventh Edition, by John A. Van de Walle, Karen S. Karp, and Jennifer M. Bay-Williams. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright  © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc https://www.juab.k12.ut.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1168:2nd-grade-math-lesson-plan-fractions&catid=66:grammar&Itemid=58 http://www.discoveryeducation.com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/problem-solving-math-episode-1.cfm#vo http://www.discoveryeducation.com/search/page/-/-/-/-/index.cfm?Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Ntk=all-prelogin&Ne=4294967201&Nr=OR(OR(d_Index_Type:Pre-login),OR(d_Domain:www.fit4theclassroom.com))&N=31+4294967201+4294967281

buy custom China’s Education System essay

buy custom China’s Education System essay The US stands as the statement of productivity efficiency in a capitalistic market. It has the most successful form of government in the world, given that the US Gross National Product is over 10 times higher than of any other nation in the world, and twice that of the top-five nations behind it. This makes the US the single greatest nation ever crafted in the history of the world. That level of success is largely owed to an innovative workforce, skilled and perfected in driving the most complicated business ventures known to man. Yet in recent times, China has arisen as a worthwhile competitor. This is reflected much more in education than in the economy. China has a greater population and thus more people to absorb into its market and it is also more capitalistic akin to the US. That means if they gain on the innovation edge in education, it will take only a few years to surpass the greatness of the United States. Today, a Chinese classrooms has more students that that of US, more students per teacher and poorer education facilities. Yet, Chinese students are highly disciplined, respectful and productive in learning than those in the United States. The culture and social dynamics of the Chinese schools make learning very conducive than in the US. In comparison, discipline in the US public schools is at its worst ever, leading to critics calling the public schools some modern babysitting facilities. In comparing the education systems in the US and in China, the most important thing is the quality of the products that run through the systems (Teaching Tips). The United States leads the world mainly because their graduates reign in the scientific innovation and discovery arenas. However, China is picking up as America looses out on this important pedigree. When it comes to instilling innovation in students, the Chinese are doing it on an overdrive, mainly by incorporating numerous projects in the curriculum involving electronics Information Technology and similar disciplines. This is the very genius (innovation) that made America a global giant with hosts of inventors, creative filmmakers, superstar rock 'n' roll artists, Nobel laureates and personalities who stand as business icons perse. China's education is phrased on a top-down system where supreme emphasis is placed on tightly structured units, centrally managed by the government and engrained with disciplined learning. The education structure in China is largely socially engineered such that the system is dependent on government control (Mathur, 2009). The US on the other hand, has a highly decentralized system (state based) whose emphasis is critical thinking of every student, the so-called student-centered learning. This single difference yields a lot of significance since while it is easy for the Chinese government to direct and guide the national education system via thee Ministry of Education, The US government has little to do to influence the curriculum and standard of education taught in various states and school districts. American educators are puzzled by the fact that Chinese students are so apt in science and math (the subjects that underlie the future of any nation) than the US, where performance on the two areas has become phenomenally poor. Since 2006, China has consistently produced over nine times more engineers than those produced by the US educations system. There are more teachers in China than in the U.S. at the elementary and middle levels (Mathur, 2009). On the other hand, Chinas education system has been termed substandard as compared to other international systems. There is a high level of corruption, cheating and simplification of course content. This has made the government to rethink on reforming the system. While the elementary education has seen China surpass the US in the number of graduates, high school education is very poor in China with majority of Chinese dropping out to work instead of joining colleges. The rate of college admission to the number of those who complete elementary education is at 16% in China and 37% in the US. Another important facet of comparison is the immigration of students to worlds most prestigious learning institutions. Chinas rate of enrollment in international schools is at 25% while that of the US is 1.5%. Buy custom China’s Education System essay

Police Brutality in New York City misc essays

Police Brutality in New York City misc essays Civil rights advocates in the city note, however, that there has been a cost to the new strategy, revealed by steady citizen complaints against more aggressive NYPD officers during the past several years and continuing impunity for many officers who commit human rights violations despite the recent reorganization of both the civilian review board and the police department's internal affairs bureau. In August 1997, after the alleged torture of Haitian immigrant Abner Louima by police officers made national headlines and outraged city residents, the anti-crime record of the mayor and police department was tarnished. In uncharacteristic fashion, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner Howard Safir condemned the officers implicated in the incident as well as those who reportedly did nothing to stop it or report it. In the city's Civilian Complaint Review Board's (CCRB) semiannual report for the first half of 1997, African-Americans and Latinos filed 78 percent of complaints again st the police. The police force is 68 percent white. During the independent CCRB's first three-and-a-half years, only 1 percent of all cases disposed of led to the disciplining of a police officer, and out of 18,336 complaints, there have been just one dismissal of an officer stemming from a CCRB-substantiated case. If the studies by civil rights groups and the Mollen Commission are any indication, officers who commit abuses are not being dealt with adequately. In that incident, after protesters allegedly threw items at mounted police officers attempting to clear the park, police reacted by beating anyone nearby with their nightsticks, including uninvolved restaurant patrons and business owners. In the end, administrative charges were presented in seventeen cases, with officers disciplined in thirteen of them. Officers primarily from the 30th, 9th, 46th, 75th and 73rd precincts were caught selling drugs and beating suspects. Concluded Cawley, "They [re...

3 Cases of Distracting Usage

3 Cases of Distracting Usage 3 Cases of Distracting Usage 3 Cases of Distracting Usage By Mark Nichol Word choice is problematic when the sense of a selected word, when read in association with another word, creates a diversion for the reader that distracts from the content. Here are three sentences with distracting words, along with solutions for revising them to avoid the distraction. 1. â€Å"He turned heads in scientific circles when he proposed that climate change is the driving force in human revolution.† The association of the past tense of the idiom â€Å"turn heads,† which means â€Å"draw sudden attention,† with the phrase â€Å"scientific circles,† a figure of speech in which the plural form of circle refers to a broad community of people with a common interest, unfortunately suggests that the subject caused the heads of his colleagues to rotate in a scientific manner. Revise one expression or the other: â€Å"He turned heads in the scientific community when he proposed that climate change is the driving force in human revolution† or â€Å"He attracted attention in scientific circles when he proposed that climate change is the driving force in human revolution.† 2. â€Å"The redrawn logo has drawn criticism.† The proximity of the adjective redrawn, which refers to the act of drawing an illustration over again, and the use of drawn as a verb to mean â€Å"attracted† creates an unintentionally humorous collision of ideas. Again, reword the adjective or the verb: â€Å"The revised logo has drawn criticism† or â€Å"The redrawn logo has attracted criticism.† 3. â€Å"An Ohio city will settle a lawsuit over 911 calls.† Because over is often used in place of â€Å"more than† to mean â€Å"an excess of,† the reader may momentarily assume that the number 911 is an amount rather than a sequence of digits that constitute a phone number. Replace over with another word (â€Å"An Ohio city will settle a lawsuit regarding 911 calls†) or, better, provide unambiguous details: â€Å"An Ohio city will settle a lawsuit regarding emergency 911 calls† or â€Å"An Ohio city will settle a lawsuit regarding calls made to 911.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)How Long Should a Paragraph Be?I wish I were...

Prescription drug costs in primary and secondary care Essay

Prescription drug costs in primary and secondary care - Essay Example For a long time, disease management programs have been developed by physicians. However, their involvement focuses naturally on the health care aspects. Reduction of the costs of care is often a beneficial by-product of such disease management programs. Reduction of cost in most cases is a secondary goal and, importantly, not always achieved. Since economic forces continue to be important drivers of health care policies and managed care programs, it is important for the physician to understand some aspects of medical economics - that there are certain vulnerable groups in the society who cannot afford the ever rising costs of prescription drugs. The concept of disease management is relevant to care needed by a population with a given disease, instead of focusing on individually taken decisions during multiple physician-patient interactions. Disease management principles have always been considered as health care principles; they were indeed adopted from the business world. However, health differs from money. One cannot trade health across time or between individuals, and it is not stable, but affected by illness severity. Moreover, many health outcomes are irreversible. Other aspects of a market-based approach do not fit well with health care, because most health risks are unique as noted by Dewar (2009). Individual values placed on those risks differ widely among individuals. Therefore, health can be converted to monetary terms only with difficulty (Netten and Curtis, 2002). Health care industry is so complex that economic evaluations are not easy even when estimated for a population. Cost identification or minimization analysis simply estimates the costs to produce an intervention. For disease management, this analysis is used to identify interventions where cutting costs would seem to have little impact on outcome, such as provision of drugs at lower costs. However, as simple as this seems, estimating costs of health care services can be very difficult, and

Federal courts jurisdiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Federal courts jurisdiction - Essay Example (United States v. Lopez, 1995) This was a landmark case in that it established the supremacy of the Federal Courts over state courts and jurisdiction within individual states. However, the end result of the case was that the charges by the federal government were dismissed and in a statement by Judge Rehnquist the reasoning was that it was time to step in and check the powers of the federal government by defining the powers between the federal government and the individual state. The prosecutions argument rested the use of the Interstate Commerce Act, this act specifically being designed to prevent unfair business practices by shifting regulatory abilities from the state governments to that of the federal government. (Interstate Commerce Act, 1887) The case was upheld by a decision of 5-4 and helped define what was allowed directly by the Interstate Commerce Act. Supreme Court Justice Rehnquist made it clear that this incident was not something that should be allowed under the Commer ce Act however, further stated that this decision was not meant to change prior decisions in regards to the Commerce Act. The decision was meant only to limit the current scope of the Federal Government in regards to incidents occurring within each individual state. The decision clarified the separation of power that exists between the individual states and that of the Federal Government.

Zero Tolerance Policies for Schools Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zero Tolerance Policies for Schools - Term Paper Example In most instances, such cases are rationalized as sacrifices that are necessary if zero tolerance has to be fairly applied and be effective in creating a deterrent effect. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize why zero tolerance in schools is an important legislative, judicial or public policy issue while elaborating on its potential direct effect on education. Literature Review Zero-tolerance policies have been adopted by various schools for various reasons. Some have adopted the policy for purposes of dealing with behavioral issues targeting alcohol/drugs, weapons, fighting within the school premises and threatening behaviors. As documented by the Center for Disease Control 2006, approximately 100% of schools within the district had prohibitions against fighting and weapons. About 80% had prohibitions against gang-activity whilst 90% had put in place zero tolerance policies against drugs such as tobacco and alcohol. The compulsory and free public education promise in the United States is a promise to access and equal opportunity to the â€Å"American Dream†. This promise has been found to be an illusionary one characterized by a history of segregation in the lines of race and class disparities. This extends to the gap in both quality and funding of schools. As a matter of fact, education policy shifts in the previous years have engineered the inherent public education inequalities that persist in the American society. Rather than the education policy creating an atmosphere of opportunity, engagement and learning, the educational practices currently operating are increasingly deviating from the very purpose of zero tolerance in schools. The growing pattern of expelling students from educational institutions through the... The compulsory and free public education promise in the United States is a promise to access and equal opportunity to the â€Å"American Dream†. This promise has been found to be an illusionary one characterized by a history of segregation in the lines of race and class disparities. This extends to the gap in both quality and funding of schools. As a matter of fact, education policy shifts in the previous years have engineered the inherent public education inequalities that persist in the American society. Rather than the education policy creating an atmosphere of opportunity, engagement and learning, the educational practices currently operating are increasingly deviating from the very purpose of zero tolerance in schools. The growing pattern of expelling students from educational institutions through the use of â€Å"zero tolerance â€Å"policies and tracking them indirectly or directly into the adult and juvenile criminal justice systems is what has been   referred to a s school to prison pipeline.Since time immemorial, schools have been characterized by both informal and formal tracks that direct students into different areas of the curriculum. However, the tracking of students out of their school environment into jail is a phenomenon that is new. Present policies have increased students risks of being expelled, arrested or suspended at school. The poor, disabled students, youth of distinct color to be precise the African Americans are disproportionately affected by the zero tolerance policy.

Easy A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Easy A - Essay Example Vasquez’s review on the other hand focuses on the negative aspects of the movie; he fails to appreciate and accept that this movie is comedy. He is extremely critical of the way in which Easy A presents humorous situations and he asserts that the focus on being ‘funny’ is so marked that the film fails to appreciate the other realities of life. Beck’s intended audience is a person who has not watched the movie as yet; hence the approach that invites everybody to watch it. It appears to appeal to the youngsters who are more interested in matters pertaining to sexuality. Vasquez on the other hand tries to focus the audiences that are ‘choosy’; who judge the pros and cons of every expenditure that they are about to make. By providing a viewpoint that opposes the idea of watching this film, he supports the notion that this movie is definitely not worth-watching. Vasquez’s language is not academic, as he makes use of various slangs to express his

How is the veil portrayed in Western Media Essay

How is the veil portrayed in Western Media - Essay Example People are surrounded by time, culture, environment and the society, which can turn out the formation of many opinions about an issue that we face in everyday society. One of most controversial topics regards to Islam is the Veil. In the past twenty to thirty years Hijab or the veil has been widely recognized as a symbol of the Muslim woman in the western media. Many people want to know more about Islam and Muslim culture when they see a woman wearing a head scarf or a man with a full grown beard. Many generalizations and questions are formed in the minds of so many western non-Muslims in regards to the basic idea and concepts behind the veil through the influence of their western media. During the time of conflict between the "Islam" and "West", the media powerfully altered the minds of western non-Muslims by negative exploitation about Islam, Muslims, in particular about Muslim women. Misconceptions, like, if they are bald under the veil or if Muslim women sleep with their veils on , to the involvement of "terrorism" that contrasts to what Muslim women believe the veil represents. According to a CNN survey, Most Muslims come from lower middle class family backgrounds and their sole purpose for coming to America and living a good part of their lives away from their family is to make good money and send it back home. All the burden of the family is on their shoulders and they are the sole bread earners in the house. They just dont seem to be bothered by whatever is going around in the world as they are entangled in their daily routines. Usually these people are doing two or more than three jobs. They dont realize that by not clarifying things, they are digging a hole for themselves.(Shah, 2001) Muslims believe western media use the veil as a means to exploit Muslim women, and degrade them. According to them in west media assumes, that the action of just one Muslim is the

Conflict Interests and Goals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict Interests and Goals - Case Study Example During the conflict, it is important for the leader to be clear about the goals of the group, who often have multiple goals, in order to effectively manage conflict within its members. Since individual goals are usually contradicting in the conflict, they often cause confusion and internal tension between the group members. To diminish the costs and damages associated with conflicts, group members are required to be cautious and plan out their goals. This supports them to outline the nature of the conflict more noticeably, so that the conflicting parties are able to react maturely. (Cengage, 2008) While goals may evolve over the course of conflict, starting with a practically focused image of their goals and objectives helps parties to manuever conflicts with less resistance. (Foundation Coalition, 2011) How each TRIP goal functions for 2-3 of the people involved in the case study? TRIP goals with reference to â€Å"The Show Must Go On†: Topic Goals: Topic Goals are goals conc erning substantive issues that explain the nature of desires of each person associated with the conflict. They describe what the members are fighting for (Conflict Purple Group, 2011).

How is the veil portrayed in Western Media Essay

How is the veil portrayed in Western Media - Essay Example People are surrounded by time, culture, environment and the society, which can turn out the formation of many opinions about an issue that we face in everyday society. One of most controversial topics regards to Islam is the Veil. In the past twenty to thirty years Hijab or the veil has been widely recognized as a symbol of the Muslim woman in the western media. Many people want to know more about Islam and Muslim culture when they see a woman wearing a head scarf or a man with a full grown beard. Many generalizations and questions are formed in the minds of so many western non-Muslims in regards to the basic idea and concepts behind the veil through the influence of their western media. During the time of conflict between the "Islam" and "West", the media powerfully altered the minds of western non-Muslims by negative exploitation about Islam, Muslims, in particular about Muslim women. Misconceptions, like, if they are bald under the veil or if Muslim women sleep with their veils on , to the involvement of "terrorism" that contrasts to what Muslim women believe the veil represents. According to a CNN survey, Most Muslims come from lower middle class family backgrounds and their sole purpose for coming to America and living a good part of their lives away from their family is to make good money and send it back home. All the burden of the family is on their shoulders and they are the sole bread earners in the house. They just dont seem to be bothered by whatever is going around in the world as they are entangled in their daily routines. Usually these people are doing two or more than three jobs. They dont realize that by not clarifying things, they are digging a hole for themselves.(Shah, 2001) Muslims believe western media use the veil as a means to exploit Muslim women, and degrade them. According to them in west media assumes, that the action of just one Muslim is the

High school graduation speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High school graduation speech - Essay Example Unfortunately, in this kind of war, every warrior is often rewarded differently based on individual effort. How would learning be if we all knew that the end result would be the same? If only we knew that we would all be given a certain grade during graduation. Sincerely, I would recall all those cold nights and dawns I spent on books and I know some of us are already allergic to the term â€Å"books† at least for sometime before embarking on college journey. If your heart is not thumping as hard as mine right now, then you must be of the most unique types in the history of education. As we spend our last chapter of high school together, we must acknowledge that we are all different. This morning as I was brushing my teeth, I looked at my hand and was trying to imagine why my fingers have varying lengths. Even though I could not establish a very good answer, I realized that we are like our fingers. Every one of us has a distinct capacity and talent. We are all achievers in our own ways. However, do not forget that education is a single train that does not care about other strengths, but what you can show academically. And today, your performance in examination will determine if you are to proceed to the next level or not. I hope I will be among those who get into the next train for I have grown too huge to continue ridding on this one. However, for those who will not make it, this is not the end of the road. All you need is to review your path and rectify where things went wrong. The next time you are in a math class and something does not seem to sink deep into that head, do not think twice: just ask. What harm will it do you if people think you are dumb? It is true people will laugh at you and even mock you, but in the long-run, the mockery shall have died and you will be holding on to what you learnt. Perhaps, this is why you failed, you never asked for fear of people making fun of you! Failure is not the end of life, but should be embraced as a

Are Governments Controlling The Internet Essay Example for Free

Are Governments Controlling The Internet Essay Prior to the 21st century society greatest inventions were the automobile, the telephone, the airplane as a means of communication and transportation. Now individuals are blessed with the Internet. It is commonly regarded that the Internet is a manifesto of technology that allows human beings to interact with one another using networking services. The Internet has broken down the barriers and means of traditional communication. In cyberspace, people can talk with each other regardless of location. It can be defined as a â€Å"unique medium† with no geographical location but available to anyone (p. 21). It is not only used for communication but information searching, listings of products and services, advertising of large/small businesses, and much more. In essence, the Internet can be regarded as a separate entity from our own physical world – a digital utopia. The question being raised is, with the large scale of the internet, how is it maintained or even controlled? Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu’s book Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World gives a perfect example of how the Internet is being directly (and indirectly) controlled by territorial government. As each section of the book is uncovered, it is clearly pointed out that national governments through control of local and global intermediaries and coercion exercise dominate control over the digital empire. The book is subdivided into three large sections. In the first section Wu and Goldsmith marks the impression to the readers that the Internet is in fact a â€Å"libertarian state† where users can freely express themselves. The authors argue at the commencement of the Internet there are no actual â€Å"rulers† or â€Å"governors† of the Internet rather it was the upheaval of a Digital American Revolution, that’s built on â€Å"language and reason and our fail in each other† (p. 22). The authors later indicate that it was open because it was willing to â€Å"accept almost any kind of computer or network†. Thus it is a society that is ruled by the humanity that resides within the Internet. â€Å"Humanity united might do better than our lousy systems of government, throw away the constructs of the nation-state, and live in some different but better way† (p. 7). Section two establishes that users from different geographical regions want their information presented in their local language. As the author pointed that language is one of the most important aspects on the internet. It gives the example that people in Brazil, Korea and France do not want English versions of Microsoft products but rather want a version they can fully understand (p. 50). As the next section unravels we start to notice how digital humanity needs rulers and starts to get involved how national governments are governing the borders of the internet. It proves that government uses coercion and local intermediaries to restrict and even block content that is on the internet. An example would be Nazi merchandise and hate sites appearing on French networks and even an incident in China where a 15 year old girl Liu Di was punished by the Chinese government when she was making an argument comparing the Chinese government and a prostitute. It also points out how controlling Governments can be a beneficial factor in regulating illegal activities such as file sharing and copyrighting. The final section of the book shows how the government aims to make the borders of the Internet a haven that protects its citizens from harm. This section explores the aspect of globalization and competing countries in controlling the Internet. Europe, U. S. and China all wishes to have a centralized power over the Internet. If two out of three countries that are in favour of online gambling while the one third is not, how can a borderless digital society solve this problem? The sections encourages decentralized governments to work together to adapt to people’s needs and respond in a more positive manner (p. 53). For the struggle of ultimate control lies within national governments – and a problem of clashing government interests and priorities can be a serious concern for the future of the Internet (p. 171). Wu and Goldsmith both agreed that this is the â€Å"beginning of a technological version of the cold war, with each side pushing its own vision of the Internet’s future† (p. 184). In order for the book to draw readers closer into fully understanding the Internet the authors must not only make a compelling argument but the style and construction of the book is also important. This essay will discuss four areas in which the book was successful or non-successful into helping readers understand the importance of national governments and their role on the Internet. The notable points in creating a compelling argument lie within the thesis, the method(s) of research, the evidence that supports the thesis and the overall evaluation/recommendation. The first point that’s important in this book is the thesis. The thesis is the main point the authors are trying to make throughout the entire book. In the book Who Controls the Internet Wu and Goldsmith stated their thesis in the conclusion rather than the introduction. Instead they decided to allure readers by telling a short story in the introduction to foreshadow readers into the overall point of the book. In my opinion the thesis of the book can found on page 180 where it reads â€Å"Beneath of fog of modern technology, we have seen the effects of coercive governmental force on local persons, firms and equipment† (p. 180). Ironically, this is not the thesis that users anticipated on hearing when they decide to read the book. On the back cover of the book it reads â€Å"a book about the fate of one idea – that the Internet might liberate us forever from government, borders and even our physical selves†. (Wu and Goldsmith) Wu and Goldsmith prompted readers with a general idea then throughout the book used examples and heated evidence to prove that idea wrong. It gives readers the perception that the Internet is in fact a challenge to governmental rule rather than the idealistic entity of freedom and liberty. The thesis was not always stated at the end of the book rather the author hinted their thesis throughout chapters to reinforce their main point along the way. For instance in chapter 5, Wu and Goldsmith talk about how local intermediaries are present and how government uses coercion to control these intermediaries, thus â€Å"ruling the internet† (p. 65). The authors stated that it would be extremely easy for individuals to â€Å"overlook how often governments control behavior not individually, but collectively, through intermediaries† (p. 68). The authors use the example of HavenCo to reinforce their thesis. In the book HavenCo was described as â€Å"the first place on earth where people are free to conduct business without someone looking over their shoulder† (p. 65). Shortly after, HavenCo became the object of negativity where porn and other offensive content were being hosted. Due to their business model they would not seek out cooperative intermediaries. However falling into a downward spiral, HavenCo became desperate so they looked towards national governments for assistance. However the government would not oblige since it was hosting offensive content and demanded that HavenCo remove the material. Of course, without this aspect â€Å"HavenCo was nothing†. And now without the support of powerful government officials and intermediaries HavenCo is now a â€Å"jumbled pile of network equipment, rotting and obsolete† (p. p. 84-85). The authors presents the readers with a clear and indirect thesis in each chapter, and as each chapter passes they are vividly trying to reinforce their thesis by providing real life evidence that happens in the midst of the digital society. Other notable examples that are highlighted in the book that supports the thesis would be the Chinese government sometimes with help from Yahoo, seize political dissidents and put them in prison (p. 181). Next, the government that are threatening Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and search engines and credit card companies with fines so that they can filter out offensive net communications. And, it is clear that Jon Postel and the Internet’s founders give up control over their creation under implied threats of governmental force. And finally, under the aspect of file sharing (where it was debated it would be hardest to control) governments have executed hidden but important ways to fuel coercion on the economy of file-sharing and â€Å"tilts the playing field to favour law-abiding companies like Apple† (p. 181). The authors have a very climatic way to communicate their thesis to the reader, By presenting support evidence and a strong conclusion they are in fact proving to readers that the government does control the internet. The next section uncovers the methodology that the authors used to present their topic. In order to prove their thesis they need an abundant amount of information. Not only does this information provide historical insight in the topic but it grants validity in the matter. In the book the authors have presented much needed evidence that governments control the internet, as each chapter is unraveled the readers are engulfed with powerful side stories of the lives of specific individuals that resided in the digital age. The book uses a combination of statistical information and encoded facts, personal biographies and appealing stories. If we direct our attention to the sources at the end of the book we notice that the authors use a hefty number of secondary sources. The only notable errors that are present in their methodology were that the sources they used were a little out of date. Old sources will lead to skewed results and that might cause a misinterpretation of the research. The book was written and published in 2006 but the majority of sources they used were within the 1998-2001 timeframe. Although they did use several sources that were recent (2005) it still does not change the fact that the Internet and technology are always changing in real time. With this change it’s rather hard to keep up and readers can be misinformed of with irrelevant information rather than significant information. Although with these slight flaws in the book, the methods were applied correctly in the sense that it is very easy to understand. They have broken the entire book into three parts; each part builds up information for that peak ending (or thesis). The methods were appropriate in the sense that the authors had a balance of evidence to support their claim. For example, the information gathered was not all focused on the government’s point of view but rather an equal split between government, organizations and individuals. It would be naive to think that a proper thesis can be proved without the support of evidence. Methodically the authors predominately still influence the readers with horror stories and statistics of government coercion on digital societies to prove their thesis. For example, the chapter on China outlines President Bill Clinton’s visit to the foreign land. Clinton observed that users required national ID cards before logging on. Regulated cafes also featured cameras pointed directly at the computer screen and police officers would occasionally monitor users right behind their back (p. 97). In China the Internet is far from being a liberating force but rather it is the major attraction for government surveillance. As previously mentioned Liu Di was arrested on personally insulting the government over the Internet, shortly after Liu Di’s story was printed in the press as a warming to all other civilians using the Internet. Throughout the book we see many stories that mimic the true horrors of the Internet, presented in a non-fictitious way to leaves readers shunned into believing the overall message of the book. Other factual occurrences that are displayed in Wu and Goldsmith’s methodology are the Kazaa/Napster case where digital piracy was at its initial state. Napster, a company located in the United States was battling with court officials to stay alive. With no luck, a simple U. S. ourt order was easily enforced and that led â€Å"to a total system collapse† (p. 108). Another factor that stands out with the evidence was that it’s very diverse in the geographical sense. The authors not only present their ideas from the American standpoint but tackles on other regions of the world. In the introduction the authors commences a deep discussion on global borders of the internet, the evidence and support was from a simply disgruntled individual that didn’t like seeing Nazi merc handise on the French site of Yahoo (p. p. 1-10). By using this intrinsic method of communicating the thesis they are successful in the sense of drawing readers. This chapter rather than supporting the thesis, they argue against it saying that the Internet â€Å"cannot be regulated†. Using factual data, they are offering both sides of the story in a very objective manner. This helps readers understand the thesis a little better and perhaps even raise serious questions on a political, global and technological standpoint. Who Controls the Internet is a very accurate portrayal of the digital society. It tells readers the important message that originally the Internet was designed to liberate individuals and it was designed to escape government and borders, but without the government mingling in affairs the Internet as we know it today wouldn’t flourish. One of the few appealing factors of this book is that it speaks out in a very clear and engaging style. Within each chapter the author conveniently uses sub-headings to divide important topics and that each chapter features several compelling stories. The two authors, who are both lawyers does an excellent job of communicating the legal issues to the readers without heavy use of legal jargon. Despite the many praises the book gets, it still has some flaws. In my opinion the flaws are contained within the unnecessary pictures and images that are included. Many (if not all) of the pictures are unneeded. For instance on page 4 it shows a rather large photo of the Palais de Justice, where the Yahoo case was litigated and similarly on page 66 shows a picture of Sealand where HavenCo was initiated. Although visualizations are nice they have no purpose in proving the thesis. How can a picture of Jon Postel who is described as â€Å"a rambling, ragged look, living in sandals, and a large, unkempt beard† help readers understand the dominate government forces on the Internet. In another part of the book Wu and Goldsmith dedicated half a page to Steve Jobs and as a background; shows a skull and sword insignia and was labeled â€Å"Piracy†. In retrospect the authors should have gotten rid of filler photography and replaced it with diagrams, which brings up the next flaw, the limited use of diagrams within the book. A diagram can help readers understand the point the author is trying to prove in either a passage or chapter. Back to the Steve Jobs example, if the authors showed using a diagram how Apple and national governments were combating internet piracy it would strengthen their thesis in proving that government controls most sides of the Internet. Or even a timeline that showed how government intervened with such programs such as Napster, Kazaa and then taking on Apple. This book appeals to a large audience of graduate, undergraduate students and professors teaching either politics or information technology. The benefits include that readers of this book can raise important questions and use these questions as the foundation for political debates. The content is not the only contributing factor in a well rounded book, Wu and Goldsmith does an excellent job in constructing the book that’s easily presentable to the reader. Even an individual with very little prior knowledge of the Internet can understand the book. Each term is defined when it is firstly introduced. Next, at the end on page 187 the authors implemented a â€Å"frequency used abbreviations† section and the definition in case the reader is having a hard time following due to the technological jargon. In conclusion, there are four areas that were used to critically analyze the book. They are the thesis, the methodology, the evidence used to construct the book and the personal evaluation. This book presents many important topics that relate to past, presents and futures of the technological era. It is telling a story where digital democracies suffer at the ends of coercive governments. It is not just powerful nations have the power to reshape the Internet’s architecture, more specifically it is the United States, China and Europe using their dominate power to reestablish their own version of the Internet.

Procurement Route Selection and Analysis

Procurement Route Selection and Analysis The purpose of this report is to evaluate the procurement routes of construct a new auditorium with high specification technology for Heriot Watt University. The report includes defining several procurement routes, determining the recommended procurement route for this project. This report also covers the evaluation of influence factors and the potential benefits for adopting the recommended procurement route. Background Heriot Watt University (HWU) is planning to build a new auditorium at the existing grass land next to HWUs park with the land area of approximately 1500m2. The proposed auditorium is single storey with mezzanine floor with total 1950m2 gross floor area. The requirement and the need for auditorium shall be perfect for conferences, lectures and presentations, includes the facilities as following: 200 comfortable tiered seats, high specification technology, multimedia theatre with air conditioning, full size interactive screen and computer driven presentation facilities, In view of the HWU top management has decided to build a new auditorium, the projects procurement strategy has to be formed for achieve the optimum balance of risk, control and funding for this project. 2.0 Procurement Strategy Procurement is the amalgam of activities undertaken by the client to obtain a building (BPS, 2nd Edition, 1990). The projects procurement strategy is established for identify the most appropriate way of achieving the projects objectives and the value for money. The key steps in implementing the procurement strategy as following:- Finding out the real needs for the auditorium project and the projects objectives; Analysis the procurement routes for the auditorium project Evaluating the procurement strategy and the influence factors Implement procurement strategy and design team selection and contractor selection for the project Final handover for operation and review successfulness of the project There are many factors are able to influence on procurement strategy and subsequently influence on the selection of procurement route. We have listed down some most important factors for top management to consider for the procurement route. The project objectives and the clients capabilities HWU with a history dating back to 1821, has established one of the top UK universities. The objectives of the project are to build a new comfortable auditorium with high technology and to be able to complete within the cost limit, to the required quality and within the time constraints. In view of HWU is not a regular developer of works, the risk to HWU for this auditorium project shall be minimized. The HWU shall be the single point of contact and responsibility for the project during design and construction and in the event of the building failure. During the design stage, our HWU top management would like to implement their concerns and reliable ideas into the project. The high specification technology with special equipments would like to require some changes to the design due to the unable fixed cases. Risk management Risk management is critically important to project success. It involves identifying and assessing risk, assigning the right risk owners and continually managing, monitoring and reporting on key risks. (OGC03, 2007) In order to determine the most suited procurement route, the necessary comparison of varies procurement routes such as Traditional Route, Design Build route, Management Contracting Route Construction Management Route, etc will be done. Chosen of any route will have its own risks. When the procurement route is determined, the specific key risks, that HWU adopts, must be managed efficiently. The Project Constraints The constraints of the project are that contractor is able to consider the possible impact on neighbouring buildings and the potential concerns of the neighbours. They shall apply for a new entrance and temporary access to the construction site to minimize the impact to campus. The temporary access shall be reinstated to original. The noise pollution during the day time shall be limited in 75 dBA and in 55 dBA during night time. In order to raise the Environmental, Health and safety standard for this project, we have proposed to use the precast components for column, slab and staircase. The consideration and adoption of precast components is not only greatly simplified the construction sequence but also help to reduce construction wastage with such practices. Another consideration of reduce potential environmental impact is to adopt the interior drywall partition. Interior drywall is widely used in the commercial sector to build staffs offices. With consider the above factors, the procurement strategy shall be based on the following principles and guidelines:- The design should be fully meet the project objectives. The project should be based on a firmed price and limited time to construct. The auditorium must ready for operation by End of 2013 for the new intake in Jan 2014. The contract award should be based on the companys capacity and capability instead of lowest price. Selection of contractor intends low risk to HWU. 3.0 Procurement route selection and analysis Once the procurement strategy has been formed, the procurement route then can be selected with consider the clients specific requirement and how the clients risks will be minimized. Various procurement routes have emerged to identify the procurement systems in current use, some more advanced procurement practices are often used currently as shown in Figure 2. Traditional Procurement Routes The traditional procurement consists of the appointment of designer consultants by client before call for tender, and the appointment of a contractor on the other side after tender. The construction project is managed by HWUs project management with no concurrent sequence works that have to occur by following each other as brief, design, tendering construction. The traditional procurement route is varies in Traditional Sequential route and Traditional Accelerated route. Traditional Sequential route means the Contractors bid will be submitted based on the completed design documents and completed tender cost documents as normal. Traditional Accelerated route has requested the client to appoint the contractor earlier on the basis of partial information by negotiation or in competition. The contractor is able to be involved in the project as early as possible. The contractors experience, knowledge and existing materials and equipments can be considered in the final design. Design Build Procurement Routes The DB procurement route has changed the traditional sequence of work. It requires HWU to develop the tender documents that will send to possible contractors for provide and return their design proposal and relevant cost. DB has met the clients intend for a single-point of responsibility in an attempt to reduce clients risks and control the overall costs. DB is allowed the design and construction works concurrently to reduce the total project duration when compared with traditional routes. DB is also firmed the overall price prior to construction with low cost risk, so that HWU will not necessary to expend huge resources to close involvement. DB is varies in several types such as: Turnkey, Package deal, Design build, Develop construct. Turnkey is adopted the DBs principles and extended the contractors responsibility to include the commissioning and fit-out of facility, that same as EPC (engineering, production construction). The contractor has been placed with responsibility, risk and power and the client has the least risk in all procurement routes. Develop Construct is adopted DB with two-stage tendering and novation for give the client greater control over both design and cost. The client will has the higher risk among DB routes. Refer to Figure 3: Risk distribution among DB routes Management Procurement Routes Construction management is a construction manager who appointed by client to advise the client on a fee basis. The client has to involve into contracts with numerous contractors that requested the client is experienced and has to be totally involved with faster response to decisions. Construction management is normally suitable for complex building project. Management contracting can be defined as a management contractor appointed by client will advise client on the program and buildability. It requires the client a good quality brief and relies on a good quality project team. There are higher risk on the uncertain actual cost and total construction duration when compare with DB route. See below Figure 4: Risk analysis between Client Contractor. Other Procurement Routes There are other aspects of procurement routes such as Prime contracting, Partnering, Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), etc. Partnering is a procurement philosophy that will ensure the cooperating working between client and contractor and the problems can be solved over adversarial attitudes and practices. Partnering, Prime contracting and PPP procurement routes are mostly suitable for major and huge projects. In view of build the auditorium is a small project, it is recommended that these complex procurement routes are unsuitable or unnecessary. Procurement Route Selection In view of build a new auditorium is able to consider as a straightforward small project, we suggest that the Design Build procurement route shall be adopted. DB procurement route has considered and minimized the clients risk. Refer to the Figure 5: Summary of Client Risk in Advance Procurement Routes. The client has to avoid to loss control for the project and to avoid a very high price rate, the Turnkey and Pachage deal are not recommended for adoption in this project. Hence, we are suggesting to adopt the Design and Build to this project. DB is a more refined form of a package deal which obtained recognition from the JCT in 1981 with the publication of the JCT Standard Form of Building Contract with Contractors Design (CD 81). Figure 6 is shown the procedure of DB project. By chosen the DB procurement route, HWU knows the total financial commitment early in the projects life, and also knows that HWU does not introduce changes during the course of the works. DB has advised the direct negotiation and contact way between the client and the contractor. This has improved the communication lines and enabled the contractor not only to fully respond for the contract but also to adapt more promptly to meet the clients needs. The contractor is responsible for the whole of the design and construction of the building. Responsibilities are not split between designer and builder so that the client finds himself looking to separate parties in the event of a building failure. (BPS, 2nd Edition, 1990) 4.0 The Advantages and Potential benefits of DB route When the DB procurement route is chosen for the project, HWU starts out on a path to success by adherence to the objectives, time, cost and quality requirements of the project. Wider Choice of Design By invited three or more contractors to tender for this project, different with the traditional route, more designers will provide wider idea and design intend, HWU has the wider choice to select the best design that has fully understood and achieved the project objectives. Before HWU top management have decision to choose the contractor, they can input their concerns and comments to the design rather than request changes during construction stage. When both HWU and contractor agree with the amendment, the contract is ready to award accordingly. Time Cost Saving DB saves time and cost for the client, HWU, when it is providing the opportunity to achieve innovation in the delivered facility. Time and cost savings result from the ability of the design-build team to fast-track the project by overlapping the design and construction phases of the schedule. Because the HWU does not need to provide a full set of biddable construction documents, cost savings are also associated with design. Reduced Risk with lesser involvement DB allows the client, HWU, to avoid being placed directly between the architect/engineers and the contractor. HWU does not take on significant risk because of avoid the position on direct involvement. Even more importantly, the contractor will take the responsibility for design errors and omissions under DB route, and HWU is able to relive the major legal and managerial responsibilities. From HWUs view, the DB is a tool to fix many problems associated with the traditional route of contracting for design and construction separately and sequentially. We have also compared the procurement routes as shown in Figure 7. 5.0 The disadvantages of DB route A disadvantage of DB is that the contractor may use an existing building system or modular building form so that the contractor can reduce design time and save their own design fee, may lack aesthetic appeal. By chosen the DB procurement route, HWU is able to be aware of some serious failures among building systems and shall undertake careful research before award the contract. There is no independent architect and consultants to advice and to protect HWUs interests, is another disadvantage of DB route. In order to avoid a blind monitoring, HWU can employ an agent to perform this role on behalf. The agent shall supervise the works from brief, tender stage to design and construction stage, until handover the completed project to HWU, to make sure that the contractors proposal and works are complied with the required objectives and standard. Next, once HWU issued the contract, it will be costly for HWU to change the design, materials or works. HWU has to finalize the requirement before the tender and has to finally amend and confirm contractors proposal before sign the contract. Finally, HWU shall be aware of the responsibility for high quality risk. Some contractors concern with simplifying construction activities are able to lead to a reduction in design quality, as a result, it makes design and build inappropriate for this project in which high specification technology is required. Hence, HWU shall write clearly into the brief for the quality requirements. 6.0 The Alternative Procurement Route In case of the client has more concern on the cost control and changes of design and function, we have propose the Traditional Accelerated route as the alternative procurement route. As mentioned early in clause 3.1, Traditional Accelerated route has allowed the client to appoint the contractor earlier on the basis of partial information by negotiation or in competition. The two-stage tendering will be used to appoint a contractor as early as possible to the project. During the 1st tender stage, the design may not be completed and the tenderers will submit a price based on the available information. Until the 2nd tender stage, the additional design information will ready and the packages are finally priced. The client may comprise negotiation with the contractor (winning tender from 1st stage). When the price agreed, the client can award of the contract as traditional lump sum contract to contractor for commence the works. By compare with the traditional single-stage tendering, the benefit of Traditional Accelerated route to the client are: Shorten the tender period and quicker start on site works; Design stage can extend to construction period, may not requested to complete for tender package. By select the Nominated Sub-contractor, the quality is able to control by the client. The contractor can consider their experience to the design and their existing or extra resources to this project, that they may have a lower price package. The traditional accelerated route is suitable for our client who is not required much experience and the quality and buildability may also achieve the requirement. The client has to consider the risks during 2nd tender stage that the contractor may not meet the clients requirement. This can be resolved by spend more time to get alternative contractor involve and seek the agreement. 7.0 Demonstration of procurement Researches on Selecting Project Delivery Systems found that DB projects are delivered 33.5% faster than projects that are designed and built under separate parties. The researches also showed that DB project are constructed 12% faster for construction stage and have a unit cost that is 6.1% lower than traditional projects. (PDS 1998) 8.0 Conclusion The Design and Build is the recommended procurement route to HWU for this auditorium project. In order to achieve HWUs expectations and vision of delivery of the project, HWU is also to be an integral part of the design process. A well completed auditorium project with DB route will include HWU in the initial design process of programming and schematic design, and will include HWUs involvement not only in design stage meetings but also in the further interim reviews of the design, construction, functionality and even aesthetics at various steps along the design and construction process. DB has its ability to consider all relevant factors that would influence the desirability of the project. The best value selection of DB procurement route provides for the consideration of both cost, time and other more subjective factors such as project management, quality control and team reputation.

Plagiarism Essay -- essays research papers

Plagiarism:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Writing can be a difficult task for some people. For those people, before they start writing, the first thing they do is probably idea gathering, maybe looking for relate article on newspaper or magazine, look up some definition in the dictionary, check the World Wide Web, or even take a trip to the library. Often, they found what they are looking for, and before they know it, they start copying it, maybe a couple of word, few sentence, other people ¡Ã‚ ¦s idea, or they even copy the whole thing. People often want to take things they like, it is part of human nature. But there are a big different between wanting to than actually taking it without permission, this kind of action is called plagiarism. Plagiarism is defined as an act of stealing or using another writer ¡Ã‚ ¦s ideas or words without that writer ¡Ã‚ ¦s permission or giving that writer credit for those ideas or words. It doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t matter whether you copied an entire article or you just copied a sentence, without proper citation to show another writer ¡Ã‚ ¦s credit, you have committed a crime of stealing. Just like the ordinary law, it is not what or how much you have stole, it is the action and the intention of stealing. There are different kinds of plagiarism, laziness and sloppiness usually cause some people starting plagiarizing without even realizing they are doing it, this. It is usually the act of copying ideas or the sentences of another writer. These kinds of people are the one...

Destiny in Romeo and Juliet Essay

Shakespeare refers to Romeo and Juliet as â€Å"star-crossed lovers.† We can not deny the fact that they are ‘destined to be together,’ it is just something that the reader must accept. Fate is inevitable throughout the whole play; Shakespeare never gives readers an explanation as to why there is a feud between the Capulets and the Montagues, it is rather an undeniable aspect of the world of the play. The events surrounding the love affair of Romeo and Juliet are not merely coincidences, but rather all elements that will bring out the unavoidable outcome of the young lovers’ deaths. When fate begins to work its magic, the events of the play and the work of Shakespeare begins to unravel itself. The only reason Romeo decides to attend the Capulet’s ball is entirely in the hands of destiny. By chance, a young knave of the Capulet’s, who could not read himself, had asked Romeo to read an invitation list for the ball. Young Romeo was hopelessly I love with Rosaline at this time, and he attended the party only in hopes of seeing her. However, at the ball, Romeo falls in love with fair Juliet the moment he lays eyes on her. We can easily say that Romeo and Juliet were ’destined’ to meet and fall in love. After meeting Romeo that night, Juliet is talking to her nurse; ridiculously desperate and dramatic. She has not known man for more than three hours, yet she is hinting that she will die if she does not marry him; as given when she says, â€Å"If he be married my grave be my wedding bed.† Acts I and II will appear completely ironic to those who know of the events yet to come. Juliet continues to talk about how their love will kill him, â€Å"Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing,† this being one of the most ironic of quotes, as it turns out that their love is the actual cause of their deaths. Act III’s fighting scene is a crucial turning point in Romeo and Juliet. In the Elizabethan era, it was not unusual to find men fighting in the streets. Commonly, the culpable side would be sentenced to death or as Romeo believes worse, declared banished. The battle between Mercutio and Tybalt begins in the hot streets of Verona. Mercutio is killed, but before he dies he curses both families, â€Å"A plague o both your houses.† What he is trying to express, is that he wishes both families would just settle their hostile feud. Once Romeo realizes what has happened he seeks revenge and kills Tybalt. He then recognizes what he has done and what effect it will have on him, â€Å"I am fortune’s fool,† he acknowledges the fact that nothing will ever be the same again, â€Å"The day’s black fate on moe days doth depend, this but begins the woe others must end.† Romeo is banished. We are left wondering whether or not Romeo and Juliet would have stayed together if it had not been for Romeo acting upon anger and killing Tybalt. Romeo and Juliet is a drama that overflows with the best works of fate, and the characters seem to know it. Romeo refuses to accept what destiny has dealt him, â€Å"I defy you stars,† and Juliet constantly tempts her own fate, â€Å"Give me Romeo and when I shall die, take him and cut him out in little stars.† I believe the reason many people still enjoy this play is because of the passion the young lovers have for each other. They both recognize they can’t be together in life, so they come together in death. Romeo and Juliet remains one of William Shakespeare’s best pieces, about two â€Å"star-crossed lovers† whose lives were driven by fate.

Charter Change in the Philippines

Summarize the article — Before summarizing the article:CHACHA needed for inclusive growth. I would like you to know that some sentences below are taken from the article. Thus, I do not account any ownership on some other lines. The article is about Charter change (CHA-CHA) must be pushed in the Philippines. It sites that our Constitution, is not welcoming foreign investors to our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources.The good news is, letting foreign investors to invest only in our stock market, not in actual capital goods and fixed investments. Moreover, our president compared our country to China who can afford to be restrictive of land ownership. This proves that we can also have a growing rate. However, the government of China is more efficient than ours in implementing infrastructure projects. On the other hand, changing our constitution can be very simple, according to Feliciano Belmo nte, â€Å"What the legislators can do is to append the phrase â€Å"except when otherwise provided by law† to all the restrictive economic provisions.†Though, it sounded simple, As the critics say, any unlimited ability to buy land could enable the rich Arabs or the Chinese to buy all the 7,100 islands of the Archipelago. Also, Bernardo M. Villegas suggest that the new Foreign Investments Act should allow a 49 percent foreign ownership also to assure the preservation of certain national values that could be endangered in the hands of foreigners who may espouse such counter values as abortion, divorce and gay marriages.All in all, the massive entry of foreign investors – regulated by the Foreign Investments Act – can do much to make all the sectors of the Philippine economy more competitive, with the resulting benefits to consumers in the form of lower prices, higher quality of goods or services and greater productivity from the technology that foreigners will bring with them. Explain why you agree or disagree. Discuss your reaction — At first, I disagree to Charter change or also known as CHA-CHA. We all might be interested to inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.But let us try look to on the other side. Like, what are the possible consequences we may face? We all know that allowing CHACHA means letting foreigners/outsiders to take advantage on us. Allowing them to buy and be part of our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources. In short, we are giving them a chance to rule over our country. However, I tried to read more about CHA-CHA. As I have been reading, I realized that I am over thinking of national security.And so, I started to agree with CHA-CHA. Basically right from the start, we are allowing ourselves to be part of CHA-CHA. The question is how? According to the website I have read at â€Å"Technology and globalization have also rendered those Constitutional prohibitions meaningless. In the age of the Internet, satellite television and social media, Filipinos are consuming their media content from sources all over. We can listen to a radio, watch movies, and read newspapers without even going through a â€Å"Filipino-controlled† media outfit.Moreover, people can even attend lectures and get a degree from a foreign university online. Therefore, these Constitutional prohibitions are such anachronisms and must be removed. † This affected me very much, I realized that CHA-CHA is not so bad at all. With this, we can modernize our political and economic institutions. All in all, I agree and disagree at the same time. Why is there a need for charter change? – After reading articles on the internet, I have understood that: Charter change (CHA-CHA) will improve and revise our constitution.It is to reform some law and Article. I am not saying that some Article is wrong, bu t what I’m trying to say is that our constitution will be better if Charter change (CHA-CHA) will be pushed. Moreover, here are some laws and Article that needs to be pushed/made: (1) in our 1987 Constitution, there is no Anti-Trust law that prohibits monopoly and encourages competition between businesses. (2) Article XII: Protectionism, which makes the Philippines most restrictive in foreign investment. (3) Federalization, this will spread the economic wealth throughout the country.The reason why the Manila is very congested, is because of the unhealthy spread economic wealth, this is because there aren’t much jobs offered in some regions and so most country men are forced to migrate in Manila which is becoming more congested. And those are the three laws and Article that I want to push through. Furthermore, I believe that with Charter change (CHA-CHA ) our country will improve its education, infrastructures, public utilities, and exploitation of natural resources. Wi th these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.And so I believe that we need to push through Charter change (CHA-CHA ). How can such change jumpstart the economy? Charter change will be very helpful to improve our economy. Charter change (CHA-CHA ) attracts foreign investors, with these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP. But the question is how? Like I said before, CHA-CHA will increase our foreign investors. These foreign investors will create businesses here that will need workers. And those workers will be us. Other than an increase in our investment it will also be a job opportunity for every Filipino.If there are job oppurtunities in our country, then it means that there will be a decrease of OFW. The 100-percent ownership requirement for media companies, including similar restrictions on the advertising industry, easily come to mind. Such prohibitions deny ou r media companies the chance to get foreign capital they need to be world class. I recall that those restrictions were imposed out of fear that our people will be subjected to unwanted foreign media influence. Well, in the age of satellite communications and cable television, that objective will not be met anyway.They just beam their programs to us from Hong Kong and Singapore, with both benefiting from their investments. We are simply a market that outflows dollar payments to them. The 60/40 limitation on ownership of public utility companies is another outdated mandate. Given the enormity of investments needed in these types of companies that are impossible to raise in this country, a properly regulated 100-percent foreign ownership should be beneficial to our consumers. Indeed, it is the only way to provide effective competition to home-grown monopolies.I also have no problems with liberalized citizenship rules. We are now a nation in diaspora, pretty much like the Jews. We are s cattered all over the world not because we want to, but because we have to earn a li-ving somehow. A piece of paper does not define who a Filipino is. The sense of being Filipino is in the heart. Since overseas Pinoys also have economic clout, they could play a key role in raising needed capital for our economic development. Jews in America enjoy dual citizenship and they contribute greatly to Israel’s economy.Why not similarly tap our Fil-Am brothers and sisters and all Pinoys elsewhere by allowing them dual citizenship? They are real Pinoys by blood and sentiment. On the form of government, I am ready to try a real parliamentary system. The semi-parliamentary experiment of Mr. Marcos does not count since the government system then was essentially dictatorial. I initially thought we need a Senate for the sense of statesmanship needed to temper our legislature. But electing a statesman to the Senate has become difficult these days. We have showbiz personalities being elected more out of popularity than ability.And with the cost of getting elected nationally now out of hand, the Senate as a concept no longer works. Let’s have a unicameral body that will at least save us time and money. A parliament working under the leadership of a Prime Minister will have full responsibility for running the government and passing the needed legislative measures. Hopefully, there will be no more buck passing. Failure is failure and the Prime Minister and his government must take full responsibility. A good Prime Minister can serve beyond the six-year presidential term.A bad one can be thrown out into the streets in a month without having to do another People Power event on EDSA. We can still elect a basically symbolic President who is the head of state. This will allow the masa to still directly vote for Fernando Poe Jr. or even Dolphy and do little damage to the functioning of government. With the President’s function limited to such ceremonies as acceptin g the credentials of ambassadors and hosting visiting dignitaries in state dinners, even a charming moron who has the minimum ability to read a ghost written speech can be President.That way, the country need not worry about an Erap disaster, i. e. , bestowing enormous responsibility on a total incompetent, happening again. A constituent assembly composed of the present members of Congress should do just fine. I don’t believe a specially elected constitutional assembly would be better or any different. We will only spend good money to elect the relatives and friends of the current members of Congress simply because that’s the power structure nationwide. Besides, a constitutional convention will likely prolong its job and will want to rewrite the entire Constitution.The last thing we need is another deliberative body and endless debates. Talk, contrary to popular belief, is not cheap. We only need a few key amendments. We only have to give the constituent assembly a nar row mandate in the joint resolution to amend specific provisions and nothing more. Let us also stop this nonsense of accusing GMA or JDV of wanting charter change so they can be Prime ministers. They have both said they are not interested. Even if they are, so what? It is a new ball game and maybe with new rules, they can be more effective. For now, let’s take their word for it so we can move on.I will concede that it would be better if our political parties are ideologically different from each other. But we just have to get started now or we will never get there. Maybe, eventually we can have a real choice of party ideologies. In the meantime, we need the new basic rules and the political stability of not having to worry about another EDSA toppling a president. Even if we have to change Prime Ministers every month in the beginning, that would be less stressful to investors than the EDSA system which involves the armed services in an extremely painful process of leadership c hange.Let us not complicate this charter change business with extraneous baggage. We need some changes just so we can be economically competitive. While none of these changes constitute a cure-all and none is as good as a radical change of attitude in every Filipino’s heart, a few well chosen amendments can give the economy a jump start. We don’t have the luxury of time to debate these vital changes to death. Let’s get moving fast before things really get out of hand as in Joma returning home and not necessarily in hand cuffs.